Microstimulation activates a handful of muscle synergies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Shared and specific muscle synergies in natural motor behaviors. First, the coefficient of correlation (r) and circular cross-correlation (r(max)) were calculated to assess similarities in the mechanical patterns, EMG patterns, and muscle synergies. A systematic review on muscle synergies: from building blocks of motor behavior to a neurorehabilitation tool. Muscle synergies were extracted by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), providing two components: muscle synergy vectors and synergy activation coefficients. The severity of motor impairments was negatively correlated with the similarity of the post-stroke synergies with respect to the mean control synergies. Modularity in motor control: from muscle synergies to cognitive action representation. Alternatively, the modulation of synergy activation coefficients was altered after a stroke.
This study revealed the motion control mechanism of the CNS and provided a rehabilitation and evaluation method for patients with motor dysfunction in exercise and neuroscience.ĭ’Avella A., Giese M., Ivanenko Y. Merging coefficients and reconstructed similarity of synergies between simple motions and complex motions were significant. The motion modulation indexes (MMI) among movement patterns in reaching movements showed apparent differences. We found that synergy structures of different movement patterns were similar ( α=0.05). Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) was applied to extract muscle synergy vectors and corresponding activation coefficients. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from nine muscles of the upper limb. In this paper, we designed two experiments to corroborate the hypothesis: (1) motions can be decomposed to motion primitives, which are driven by muscle synergy primitives and (2) variations of motion primitives in direction and scale are modulated by activation coefficients rather than muscle synergy primitives. By including both muscle activation and internal net joint moment data in our analysis we identified muscle synergies associated with individual moments. However, it is not clear about the motion control mechanism and the relationship between motions and muscle synergies. Muscle synergy has been applied to comprehend how the central nervous system (CNS) controls movements for decades.
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